Глагол "do" может употребляться в качестве вспомогательного и основного глагола.
В качестве основного глагола "do" употребляется в значении делать; выполнять; осуществлять (подробнее см. в словарях).
Правила употребления глагола "do" в качестве основного, в общем, не отличается от употребления других глаголов, исключением является его нестандартное произношение в форме неопределённого аспекта настоящего времени третьего лица единственного числа – "does" [dʌz], и во втором лице единственного числа с местоимением thou (устаревшее и диалектное употребление) – "doest" [du:ɪst].
Глагол "do" является неправильным, и образует формы прошедшего времени и причастия II не по общим правилам: "did" [dɪd], "done" [dʌn].
число | лицо | Аспектуальные формы глагола "do" | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
неопределённая | длительная | простая перфектная | длительная перфектная | ||
ед.ч. | 1 | I do | I am doing | I have done | I have been doing |
2 | thou doest | thou art doing | thou hast done | thou hast been doing | |
you do | you are doing | you have done | you have been doing | ||
3 | he does | he is doing | he has done | he has been doing | |
she does | she is doing | she has done | she has been doing | ||
it does | it is doing | it has done | it has been doing | ||
мн.ч. | 1 | we do | we are doing | we have done | we have been doing |
2 | you do | you are doing | you have done | you have been doing | |
3 | they do | they are doing | they have done | they have been doing |
число | лицо | Аспектуальные формы глагола "do" | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
неопределённая | длительная | простая перфектная | длительная перфектная | ||
ед.ч. | 1 | I did | I was doing | I had done | I had been doing |
2 | thou didst | thou wast doing | thou hadst done | thou hadst been doing | |
you did | you were doing | you had done | you had been doing | ||
3 | he did | he was doing | he had done | he had been doing | |
she did | she was doing | she had done | she had been doing | ||
it did | it was doing | it had done | it had been doing | ||
мн.ч. | 1 | we did | we were doing | we had done | we had been doing |
2 | you did | you were doing | you had done | you had been doing | |
3 | they did | they were doing | they had done | they had been doing |
Вспомогательный глагол "do" употребляется для:
Образование вопросительных и отрицательных форм глагола "be" в неопределённом аспекте образуются без вспомогательного глагола "do", но как сказано выше, исключением является образования отрицательной формы повелительного наклонения:
I am lazy. (Я ленивый.) | Are you lazy? (Ты ленивый?) He is not lazy. (Он не ленивый.) Don't be lazy. (Не будь ленивым.) |
Спряжение вспомогательного глагола "do" не отличается от его полнозначной формы, за исключением архаичного и диалектного употребления во втором лице единственного числа в настоящем времени (с местоимением "thou"): "dost" [dʌst]:
число | лицо | "to do one's work" (делать чью-либо работу) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
"do" как полнозначный глагол | "do" как вспомогательный + смысловой глагол | ||||
утвердительная | вопросительная | отрицательная | вопросительно-отрицательная | ||
ед.ч. | 1 | I do my work. | Do I do my work? | I do not do my work. | Do I not do my work? |
2 | Thou doest thy work. | Dost thou do thy work? | Thou dost not do thy work. | Dost thou not do thy work? | |
You do your work. | Do you do your work? | You do not do your work. | Do you not do your work? | ||
3 | He does his work. | Does he do his work? | He does not do his work. | Does he not do his work? | |
She does her work. | Does she do her work? | She does not do her work. | Does she not do her work? | ||
It does its work. | Does it do its work? | It does not do its work. | Does it not do its work? | ||
мн.ч. | 1 | We do our work. | Do we do our work? | We do not do our work. | Do we not do our work? |
2 | You do your work. | Do you do your work? | You do not do your work. | Do you not do your work? | |
3 | They do their work. | Do they do their work? | They do not do their work. | Do they not do their work? |
число | лицо | "to do one's work" (делать чью-л. работу) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
"do" как полнозначный глагол | "do" как вспомогательный + смысловой глагол | ||||
утвердительная | вопросительная | отрицательная | вопросительно-отрицательная | ||
ед.ч. | 1 | I did my work. | Did I do my work? | I did not do my work. | Did I not do my work? |
2 | Thou didst thy work. | Didst thou do thy work? | Thou didst not do thy work. | Didst thou not do thy work? | |
You did your work. | Did you do your work? | You did not do your work. | Did you not do your work? | ||
3 | He did his work. | Did he do his work? | He did not do his work. | Did he not do his work? | |
She did her work. | Did she do her work? | She did not do her work. | Did she not do her work? | ||
It did its work. | Did it do its work? | It did not do its work. | Did it not do its work? | ||
мн.ч. | 1 | We did our work. | Did we do our work? | We did not do our work. | Did we not do our work? |
2 | You did your work. | Did you do your work? | You did not do your work. | Did you not do your work? | |
3 | They did their work. | Did they do their work? | They did not do their work. | Did they not do their work? |
В разговорной форме, а также в неформальной письменности, вспомогательный глагол "do" с отрицанием "not" может употребляться в сокращенной форме: do not = don't [dount]; dost not = dostn't [dʌstnt]; does not = doesn't [dʌznt]; did not = didn't [dɪdnt]; didst not = didstn't [dɪdstnt]:
В сокращённой вопросительно-отрицательной форме, вспомогательный глагол "do", целиком ставится перед подлежащим:
Без отрицания, сокращение глагола do встречается только в вопросительной форме с личным местоимением "you": do you = d'you = d'ye [djə]:
Иногда в просторечии вместо сокращения "doesn't" используется "don't":
-eth
, это устаревший способ образования настоящего времени глагола в третьем лице единственного числа.
Источник https://esl.wiki/ru/word_usage/do
Обсуждение